CASE 23 Official

  By Maahi Raina, Pooja lakshmi Lini, Prajwal Biswas, Khedkar Lisha Snehal and Sneha Thakkar. (Interns at C.A.S.E. 23) Click to read

  By Alina prem (Garden city university, Msc Forensic science graduate, Bengaluru). Forensic geology is the important interdisciplinary science that incorporates the geological sciences into criminal investigations. Materials such as soil, rocks, and minerals, when analyzed by forensic geologists, provide critical evidence necessary to help in associating suspects with crime scenes, solutions of environmental crimes, and even in the identification of victims. Applications in Criminal Investigations: Forensic geology makes crucial contributions to criminal cases involving homicide, burglary, and environmental offenses. For instance, soil examination perhaps may indicate special geologic markers that would serve to positively identify a suspect as having been at a crime scene. This is based upon the "Locard Exchange Principle" that simply states that whenever two objects come into contact, materials will be exchanged between them. It has been used in high-profile cases, such ...

  By Vaishali Rajoriya(Volunteer at C.A.S.E. 23) A critical concept in forensic toxicology, which refers to changes in the concentration of substances in the body following death, is postmortem redistribution. This phenomenon can significantly impact the interpretation of toxicological analyses and forensic investigations. Understanding the mechanisms and implications of postmortem redistribution is essential for accurate death investigations and legal outcomes. Mechanisms of Redistribution Postmortem redistribution occurs due to the cessation of circulatory and metabolic processes, which leads to the redistribution of substances within the body. After death, the lack of blood circulation causes the concentration of drugs and toxins in various tissues to become uneven. Several factors contribute to this redistribution: 1. Diffusion : After death, the equilibrium between blood and tissues starts to shift. Substances that were previously distributed in the bloodstream begin to diffus...

  Author: VANSHITA GARG (Volunteer at C.A.S.E. 23) Forensic Anthropology has had a worldwide improvement with little consistency, in light of the fact that every locale has had various situations that requested different specialized logical methodologies of this clinical lawful forte, which is the reason different points of view began, nonetheless, all molded by the overall standards of human ID, to be specific: singularity and separation as a directional axis. This disciplinary circumstance answers to specific socio-social, legitimate, and scholastic settings, in which criminological anthropologists have been prepared, performed, and enhanced, answering the requests of the equity organization devices of every country. Challenges in Forensic Anthropology: The difficulties in Measurable Anthropological Distinguishing proof at present interest that master experts in this specialty use current advancements to do ID examination, new types of wrongdoing related with the cases of disgui...

  By: Prajwal Biswas M. Sc. in Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University Volunteer of C. A. S. E. 23. Introduction: FDP (Forensic DNA Phenotyping) is an emerging technology that relies on genetic information to predict physical properties ranging from skin color and hair color to eye color and even the structure of the facial form. It supports criminal investigations, where it allows researchers to produce a visual profile of an unknown suspect based solely on DNA samples. At the same time as it promises to crack especially those most difficult cases, especially cold cases, this technology raises a number of ethical dilemmas that must be solved in order to balance public safety with individual privacy.           Figure 1 Forensic DNA Phenotyping Privacy Matters: One of the most fundamental ethical issues has to do with privacy. Even though FDP screens for genes that determine physical characteristics, DNA contains a lot more sensitive informat...

  By: Karuna Ajith Kini, 1st Year M.Sc Forensic Science, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Introduction   The term ‘narco-analysis’, coined by Horsley is derived from the Greek word nark meaning anesthesia. It is a diagnostic and psychotherapeutic technique that uses psychotropic drugs like barbiturates to induce a stupor in which the mental elements come to the surface that can later be used by the investigator. The Indian Evidence Act remains silent on narco analysis but critics argue that it goes against the fundamental right granted by the constitution to right against self-incrimination. Testing: In India, the narco-analysis test is done by a team comprising an anesthesiologist, a psychiatrist, a clinical/ forensic psychologist, an audio-videographer, and supporting nursing staff. The test is conducted by mixing 3 grams of Sodium Pentothal or Sodium Amytal or Seconal or Hyoscine (scopolamine) and dissolving it in 3000 ml of distilled water. The chemical substance is a b...

 Author: AISWARYA S, BSc. (Hons) FORENSIC SCIENCE Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka. Thanatology is a branch of science that deals with the scientific study of death. "The basic concept is that death is the irreversible loss of the capacity for consciousness and capacity to breathe". A body undergoes complex changes after death. Postmortem changes depend on numerous factors such as temperature, season, geographical location at which the body is found etc. Postmortem changes are being described under the following headings: 1. IMMEDIATE CHANGES: which result in irreversible cessation of functions of the brain, heart, and lungs. Muscles of the body become flaccid, and corneal reflexes are abolished. 2. EARLY CHANGES: which take place between the first 12 to 24 hours. They comprise: Changes in the skin: Elasticity disappears quickly after death. Skin that was translucent in life becomes pale. Changes in the eye: The cornea loses its luster with the passage of time. It be...

  Forensic FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION   By- Sanskriti Rani Sharma 2nd year BSC Forensic Science Criminology Annai Fathima College of Arts and Science INTRODUCTION Facial reconstruction is the combinations of techniques that helps us to restore the face for the purpose of cosmetics or any functional reasons or even for the identification of the people by the police personnel. But forensic facial reconstruction, is slightly different from normal reconstruction and the techniques and the methods that are being employed as plastic surgery, normal surgeries carried for nose alignment and chin angle. Basically forensic facial reconstruction also termed as forensic facial approximation is the process of recreating the face of an individual from their skeletal remains through an amalgamation of artistry. In a simpler term when the artistic work is comingled with the scientific method and techniques then it will be a forensic facial reconstruction. HISTORY Hermann Welcker in 1883 and W...

  Scientific Evaluation of Forensic Biology & Serology Technology in the 21st Century. By GOWTHAM T - Volunteer of C.A.S.E. 23 Official. The document explores the rapid advancements in forensic biology and serology over the past two decades, emphasizing their growing importance in solving crimes through the examination of biological evidence. Evolution and Impact Forensic biology analyzes biological materials including blood, saliva, and DNA to tie suspects to crime scenes. Serology, on the other hand, examines body fluids to identify antigens and antibodies. Traditional procedures such as blood typing and serological testing have developed over time into very accurate DNA profiling approaches. DNA profiling, particularly Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification and Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis, has transformed criminal investigation by delivering precise identifications even from damaged or limited materials.                 ...

  CRUEL, PAINFUL, AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTS IN HISTORY.                                                                                   By Niranjan( Volunteer at C.A.S.E. 23)                                                                           INTRODUCTION :                     Historically, There Have Been So Many Types Of Painful/Cruel Punishment Inflicted On Sinners. These Are, Penalty Is A Type Of Punishment, A Fine, A Reward Given In Response To A Crime, A Crime Or A Violation, Or The Commission Of A Crime. The Purpose Of Punishment Is T...

  Wound Ballistics : Understanding the Impact of Projectiles on Living Tissue. By Gopi Reddy Kurri (Volunteer at C.A.S.E. 23 OFFICIAL) Introduction : Wound ballistics is a specialized subfield of ballistics that studies the effects of projectiles on living tissue. This area of study is crucial for understanding how different types of ammunition can cause injuries, which is essential for forensic investigations, medical treatment, and legal proceedings. By analyzing the behavior of bullets upon impact, forensic experts can provide valuable insights into the nature and severity of injuries sustained by victims. The Basics of Wound Ballistics: Definition and Scope: Wound ballistics focuses on the interaction between a projectile and biological tissues. It examines how bullets penetrate, transfer energy, and create damage within the body. This field encompasses various factors, including the type of projectile, its velocity, and the distance from which it was fired.   Key Concepts...

  Firearms and Neuroscience: A Glimpse into the Shooter's Mind. - By Saanvi Soni (Volunteer at C.A.S.E. 23 OFFICIAL) Firearm use and diagnostic methods intersect in terms of the investigation of psychological and neuropsychological aspects underlying the shooting behavior. Evolving this question within the scope of the shooter's mind, justice has to understand to what extent stress, adrenaline, and cognitive activities determine the making of decisions and performance in functional actions under pressure. Due to the development of neuroscience, it has been to some extent conceptualized how an individual respond to threats, evaluates risks, and how training can alter performance. Such integrated methods clarify not only how shooting is executed, but also how feelings, thoughts and behaviors interact, contributing to the understanding of single acts with firearms more in depth as well as their uses in society. Interestingly, not everybody who undergoes such triggers becomes a sh...

    Postmortem Redistribution Author: Vaishali Rajoriya, Masters of Forensic Science NFSU, Bhopal. A critical concept in forensic toxicology, which refers to changes in the concentration of substances in the body following death, is postmortem redistribution. This phenomenon can significantly impact the interpretation of toxicological analyses and forensic investigations. Understanding the mechanisms and implications of postmortem redistribution is essential for accurate death investigations and legal outcomes. Mechanisms of Redistribution Postmortem redistribution occurs due to the cessation of circulatory and metabolic processes, which leads to the redistribution of substances within the body. After death, the lack of blood circulation causes the concentration of drugs and toxins in various tissues to become uneven. Several factors contribute to this redistribution: 1. Diffusion : After death, the equilibrium between blood and tissues starts to shift. Substances that were pr...

  HOUSTON COLD CASE MURDER OF DIANA MAXWELL By Anshita Bathre Volunteer of C.A.S.E.23 Official Click to  r ead  

 Advantages of nanodrop over traditional spectrophotometry. Author: Akash Saha, Student, NFSU-Tripura Campus. 1. Introduction Brief overview of spectrophotometry: Spectrophotometry refers to the process of measuring how materials engage with light, including their reflection, transmission, scattering, absorption, and light emission. This technique requires accurate definitions of various quantities to ensure precise measurements and reliable interpretations of optical characteristics. Introduction to Nanodrop technology: Nanodrop spectrophotometers use microvolume samples (around 2 μL) and fiber optic technology to measure nucleic acids, proteins, and biomolecules, minimizing sample waste compared to traditional methods. 2. Traditional Spectrophotometry: Key Features Basic principles of traditional spectrophotometry: A spectrophotometer operates on the principle that a compound absorbs or transmits light at specific wavelengths. It obeys Beer's Law.  Working of Spectrophotom...

Expert Witness, Modus Operandi & Portrait Parle. Author:  Dr. Satwik Chatterjee [BDS, FFOMJ, DPSYCH, PGDMFMT, CCFS, CCCSI] [Professional Lifetime Member at South Asian Society of Criminology & Victimology (SASCV) Ex- Member of Admin Wing & Technical Head at (C.A.S.E. 23 OFFICIAL) Received “Honorary Doctorate Award” from (NITI Aayog, Govt. of India on 23rd February, 2024) “World Book Record” Holder on (31st May,2024) Received “International Brooklyn Award 2024 from (Art Society of London on 1st July, 2024) Internationally certified ACLS,BLS,PALS,CPR & AED Provider from American Medical Association (AMA), American Dental Association (ADA), Post Graduate Institute of Medical sciences (PIMS)] (A). Expert Witness:- An Expert Witness is a person who possesses specialized knowledge, skills, or, experience in a particular field that goes beyond the understanding of the average person. They are called upon to provide their expert opinion in legal proceedings, typically in co...

Crime Scene Investigation- Techniques, Collection and Preservation of Evidence. Author: Mounashree AM, Naveen Kumar, Vaishali Rajoriya.  Click to read: 

Author: Surbhi Ghuraiya, Tasneem Naeem Ahmad, and Vaani Thakur Click to Read :   

Authors:  Stuti Singh Baghel Subhanu Chakraborty Serenia Lynette Kharkrang Click to read : 

THE NEW LAWS OF INDIA- BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA (BNS), BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA (BNSS) , BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM (BSA) Author: Anusha SK, Akanchha Singh, Anshita Bathre (Volunteers) Click to Read :